Triglycerides (TG) Reagents
🔬 1. Szasz Method (Standard for GGT)
Principle
GGT catalyzes the transfer of the γ-glutamyl group from a synthetic donor substrate to an acceptor molecule.
Reaction: L-γ-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-nitroanilide
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Glycylglycine
→ 5-amino-2-nitrobenzoate (colored product) -
γ-glutamyl-glycylglycine
The rate of formation of 5-amino-2-nitrobenzoate is measured kinetically.
Measurement
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Absorbance: 405–410 nm
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Mode: Kinetic, multiple readings (rate method)
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Proportional to: GGT activity (U/L)
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Urea Reagents
Principle of Measurement
1. Urease–GLDH Method (Enzymatic UV)
(Most widely used, highly specific)
How it works:
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Urease enzyme hydrolyzes urea → ammonia + carbon dioxide.
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Ammonia reacts with α-ketoglutarate in the presence of GLDH (glutamate dehydrogenase).
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NADH is oxidized to NAD⁺, causing a decrease in absorbance at 340 nm.
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The rate of absorbance decrease is proportional to urea concentration.
Advantages:
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Very specific
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Minimal interference
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Ideal for automated chemistry analyzers
2. Berthelot (Indophenol) Colorimetric Method
(Common in semi-auto analyzers)
How it works:
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Urease converts urea to ammonia.
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Ammonia reacts with phenol and hypochlorite → blue indophenol dye.
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Absorbance measured at 580–600 nm.
Advantages:
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Stable color formation
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Suitable for manual and semi-automatic systems
3. Diacetyl Monoxime (DAM) Method (Older method)
Forms a yellow complex; used mainly in research.
Reagent Components
Urease–GLDH Reagents May Contain:
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Urease enzyme
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GLDH enzyme
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NADH
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α-ketoglutarate
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Buffer solution
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Surfactants and stabilizers
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Preservatives
Berthelot Reagents May Contain:
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Phenol
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Sodium nitroprusside
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Hypochlorite
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Buffer solution
Packaging Formats
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Two-reagent systems (R1 buffer + R2 enzyme)
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Single-reagent kits (less common)
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Analyzer-specific liquid cartridges
Typical volumes: 25 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml.
Uric Acid Reagents
Principle of Measurement
1. Uricase–Peroxidase (Uricase/POD) Method (Most common)
Reaction Process
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Uricase converts uric acid into allantoin, CO₂, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂).
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H₂O₂ reacts with a chromogenic dye in the presence of peroxidase, forming a colored quinone-imine or similar compound.
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The color intensity is measured photometrically between 520–550 nm, proportional to uric acid concentration.
Advantages:
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High specificity
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Minimal interference from glucose, ascorbate, and bilirubin (depending on kit formulation)
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Widely compatible with automated analyzers
Reagent Components
A typical uric acid reagent kit contains:
R1 (Buffer/Enzyme reagent)
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Phosphate buffer
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Uricase enzyme
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Peroxidase enzyme
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Chromogenic dye precursors
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Surfactants and stabilizers
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Preservatives
R2 (Color reagent) (in two-reagent systems)
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Dye enhancer or color-developing components
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Auxiliary stabilizers
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Preservatives
Some kits come as single ready-to-use reagent.
Packaging Formats
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Liquid-stable reagents (most common)
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Two-reagent packs (R1 + R2)
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Analyzer-specific cartridges
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Optional calibrators and controls
Common volumes: 25 ml, 50 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml, and larger bulk sizes.
Sample Types
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Serum
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Plasma (heparin, EDTA)
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Urine (usually diluted before measurement)
Urinalysis Strips
Urine Containers
URIT‑880 Semi‑Automated Chemistry Analyzer
Key Features & Specifications
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User Interface: 7‑inch colour touch-screen operation.
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Optical/Measurement System:
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Light source: Halogen lamp, 6 V/10 W.
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Wavelengths available: 340 nm, 405 nm, 492 nm, 510 nm, 546 nm, 578 nm, 630 nm, 700 nm.
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Absorbance range: ‑0.3 to 4.0 Abs.
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Flow cell: 10 mm quartz cell, volume ~32 µL.
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Methods Supported: Endpoint, kinetic, two‑point kinetic, dual wavelength, ABS.
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Sampling Volume: Adjustable 100 µL to 9,999 µL (recommended ≥ 500 µL).
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Incubation Positions: 8 inner incubation positions.
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Memory Capacity: Up to 300 test items and ~30,000 test results.
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Physical Size (approx): 362.5 mm × 341 mm × 165 mm (L × W × H).
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Power / Operating Environment: AC 110–220 V, 50 Hz; ambient temperature 10 °C–32 °C; humidity up to 85%.
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Other Features: Supports barcode reader; built‑in thermal printer; multiple interface ports (USB, RJ‑45, etc.).
Vacutainer – EDTA Tube for Reliable Hematology Testing
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