1. Analysis Parameters

• 3-Part Differential: Differentiates white blood cells into three groups – lymphocytes, monocytes, and granulocytes.

• Provides 20+ parameters, including:

  • WBC (White Blood Cell count)

  • RBC (Red Blood Cell count)

  • HGB (Hemoglobin)

  • HCT (Hematocrit)

  • MCV, MCH, MCHC (Red cell indices)

  • PLT (Platelet count)

  • RDW-CV, RDW-SD (Red cell distribution width)

  • PCT, MPV, PDW (Platelet indices)

2. Sample Handling

• Sample Volume: Requires only 10–20 µL of whole blood.

• Throughput: Analyzes up to 60 samples per hour.

• Sampling Mode: Closed or open tube system (depending on configuration).

• Automatic aspiration and cleaning minimize contamination and maintenance.

3. Operation and Interface

• Touchscreen Display: 8–10 inch color LCD screen with intuitive menu navigation.

• User Interface: Graphical interface supports real-time data visualization and histogram display for WBC, RBC, and PLT.

• Built-in Thermal Printer: Provides fast, direct printing of test reports.

• Data Storage: Stores up to 50,000 patient results for review or export.

4. Analytical System

• Technology: Uses impedance method for cell counting and cyanide-free colorimetry for hemoglobin measurement.

• Calibration: Fully automatic with internal quality control options.

• Precision and Accuracy: CV <2% for RBC and HGB, ensuring consistent results.

5. Connectivity and Maintenance

• USB / LAN Interface: Allows data transfer to laboratory information systems (LIS).

• Automatic Cleaning and Dilution Systems: Reduces manual intervention and ensures consistent operation.

• Low Reagent Consumption: Designed to use minimal reagents for cost-efficiency.

6. Physical and Power Specifications

• Dimensions: Approximately 400 × 320 × 420 mm (compact bench-top design).

• Weight: Around 20–25 kg.

• Power Supply: AC 110–240V, 50/60Hz.

• Operating Environment: Temperature 15–30°C; humidity ≤85%.

🔬 1. Direct Bilirubin (Conjugated) — Diazo Method

Principle

Direct (conjugated) bilirubin reacts directly with diazotized sulfanilic acid to form azobilirubin, a reddish-purple complex.

• Absorbance: ~540–560 nm

• Method: Endpoint or timed endpoint

• No accelerator needed (only conjugated bilirubin reacts)

Reagent Components

• Sulfanilic acid

• Sodium nitrite

• Hydrochloric acid (for diazo formation)

• Buffer (acetate)

• Preservatives

Some manufacturers supply:

• R1: Buffer

• R2: Diazo reagent

🧪 2. Total Bilirubin — Diazo Method (Accelerated)

Principle

Unconjugated bilirubin requires an accelerator to react with the diazo reagent.

Common accelerators:

• Caffeine–benzoate

• Surfactants

• Methanol or DMSO (older methods)

Total bilirubin reacts with diazo reagent to form azobilirubin.

• Absorbance: ~540–560 nm

• Method: Endpoint or timed endpoint

Reagent Components

• Caffeine-benzoate accelerator

• Sulfanilic acid

• Sodium nitrite

• Acid buffer

• Stabilizers and preservatives

Formats:

• 1-reagent systems (common today)

• 2-reagent systems (R1 accelerator + R2 diazo reagent)

Key Features & Specifications

• Type: Fully automatic, random-access chemistry analyzer with open reagent system (can use reagents from different suppliers).

• Throughput: Approximately 120 tests per hour.

• Reagent capacity: Typically around 80 positions (40 for R1 + 40 for R2) with ~40 sample positions.

• Reaction cuvettes: Around 50 cuvettes; reaction volume ~150 µL to ~330 µL.

• Optical system: Multi-wavelength detection (340 nm, 405 nm, 450 nm, 505/510 nm, 546 nm, 578 nm, 630 nm, 700 nm).

• Reagent tray cooling: Continuous cooling system maintaining 2 °C–14 °C.

• Sample & reagent probe features: Liquid level detection, collision protection, automatic probe cleaning and adjustment.

• Calibration & quality control: Supports linear and nonlinear calibration, multi-point calibration, Westgard QC plotting.

• Physical footprint: Approximately 750 mm × 550 mm × 490 mm; weight ~70 kg.